COVID-19 was recognized as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Nine days later in Brazil, community transmission was deemed ongoing, and following what was already being put in place in various affected countries, restrictive and physical distancing measures that varied in severity across the different states were adopted. Adherence to restrictive and physical distancing measures depends on the general acceptance of public health measures as well as communities’ financial leverage. This article aims to explore and discuss ethical facilitators and barriers (...) to the implementation of physical distancing measures within three dimensions: political, socio-economic, and scientific. Furthermore, we would like to discuss ways to ethically promote restrictive and physical distancing measures in a large and unequal country like Brazil. There is an urgent need for transparent, consistent, and inclusive communication with the public, respecting the most vulnerable populations and attempting to minimize the disproportionate burden on them. (shrink)

Traditionally, in Spain bullfighting represents an ancient and well-respected tradition and a combined brand of sport, art and national identity. However, bullfighting has received considerable criticism from various segments of society, with the concomitant rise of the animal rights movement. The paper reports a survey of the Spanish citizens using a face-to-face survey during January 2016 with a total sample of 2522 citizens. The survey asked about degree of liking and approving; culture, art and national identity; socio-economic aspects; emotional perception (...) and animal welfare. The hypothesis proposed that the perception of bullfights may be affected by gender, age, occupation, origin and nationality of the persons surveyed. The hypothesis was confirmed. The majority of citizens surveyed do not like bullfights and great majorities do not attend or watch such events. Two extreme clusters were described: one representing favorable attitude towards bullfighting and other against bullfighting. The proportion of indifferent persons was important. Women and young people showed a more favorable attitude towards animal welfare issues associated with these events. Rural people were more accepting bullfights than urban people. Students were more anti-bullfight than those in other occupations. Additionally, technical economic factors made people favor more bullfights. The growth of claim against bullfights establishes an element of a far more multifaceted phenomenon that animal cruelty per se and support of a new paradigm called social change in countries as Spain. (shrink)

Traditionally, in Spain bullfighting represents an ancient and well-respected tradition and a combined brand of sport, art and national identity. However, bullfighting has received considerable criticism from various segments of society, with the concomitant rise of the animal rights movement. The paper reports a survey of the Spanish citizens using a face-to-face survey during January 2016 with a total sample of 2522 citizens. The survey asked about degree of liking and approving; culture, art and national identity; socio-economic aspects; emotional perception (...) and animal welfare. The hypothesis proposed that the perception of bullfights may be affected by gender, age, occupation, origin and nationality of the persons surveyed. The hypothesis was confirmed. The majority of citizens surveyed do not like bullfights and great majorities do not attend or watch such events. Two extreme clusters were described: one representing favorable attitude towards bullfighting and other against bullfighting. The proportion of indifferent persons was important. Women and young people showed a more favorable attitude towards animal welfare issues associated with these events. Rural people were more accepting bullfights than urban people. Students were more anti-bullfight than those in other occupations. Additionally, technical economic factors made people favor more bullfights. The growth of claim against bullfights establishes an element of a far more multifaceted phenomenon that animal cruelty per se and support of a new paradigm called social change in countries as Spain. (shrink)

Background: Evidence indicates that the processing of facial stimuli may be influenced by incidental factors, and these influences are particularly powerful when facial expressions are ambiguous, such as neutral faces. However, limited research investigated whether emotional contextual information presented in a preceding and unrelated experiment could be pervasively carried over to another experiment to modulate neutral face processing.Objective: The present study aims to investigate whether an emotional text presented in a first experiment could generate negative emotion toward neutral faces in (...) a second experiment unrelated to the previous experiment.Methods: Ninety-nine students were randomly assigned to read and evaluate a negative text or a neutral text in the first experiment. In the subsequent second experiment, the participants performed the following two tasks: an attentional task in which neutral faces were presented as distractors and a task involving the emotional judgment of neutral faces.Results: The results show that compared to the neutral context, in the negative context, the participants rated more faces as negative. No significant result was found in the attentional task.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that incidental emotional information available in a previous experiment can increase participants’ propensity to interpret neutral faces as more negative when emotional information is directly evaluated. Therefore, the present study adds important evidence to the literature suggesting that our behavior and actions are modulated by previous information in an incidental or low perceived way similar to what occurs in everyday life, thereby modulating our judgments and emotions. (shrink)

With respect to De Dreu and Gross's article, we comment on the psychological functions for attack and defense, focusing on associations between individual differences in psychopathic personality traits and the behavioral patterns observed in attack-defense conflicts. We highlight the dimensional nature of psychopathy and formulate hypothetical associations between distinct traits, their different behavioral outcomes, and associated brain mechanisms.

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo de caso sobre um serviço público que atende crianças, adolescentes e famílias vítimas de violência, abuso e exploração sexual. O objetivo foi compreender as percepções dos profissionais para esboçar uma análise das práticas sociais e relacionais da equipe para c..

Graphical AbstractNowadays, in the Internet databases era, certain knowledge is being progressively lost. This knowledge, which we feel is essential and should be acquired through education, is the understanding of how the pioneer researchers faced major questions in their field and made their discoveries.

Small GTPases in the Rho family act as major nodes with functions beyond cytoskeletal rearrangements shaping the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo during development. These small GTPases are key signal transducers that integrate diverse developmental signals to produce a coordinated response in the cell. In C. elegans, the best studied members of these highly conserved Rho family small GTPases, RHO‐1/RhoA, CED‐10/Rac, and CDC‐42, are crucial in several cellular processes dealing with cytoskeletal reorganization. In this review, we update the functions described for the (...) Rho family small GTPases in spindle orientation and cell division, engulfment, and cellular movements during C. elegans embryogenesis, focusing on the Rho subfamily Rac.Please also see the video abstract here. (shrink)

Reséñase este ensaio da colección Feminismos da ed. Galaxia que acaba de comezar. Nel ofrécese o marco teórico do concepto de feminicidio que a autora propón como un novo instrumento para procurar explicar a violencia patriarcal que está instalada na sociedade actual. Cunha linguaxe próxima á persoa lectora, que de seguido se sinte interpelada, ofrécense interesantes panorámicas sobre epistemoloxía feminista, lexislación, reflexións sobre diversos usos da linguaxe neste tema e as súas implicacións, etc.

Background:The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of qualified nurses in Spain. As a result, the government authorized the hiring of senior students.Objectives:To explore the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts experienced by final-year nursing students who worked during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.Research design:A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were carried out using a question guide. Interviews took place via a private video chat room platform. A thematic, inductive (...) analysis was performed of the information gathered.Participants and research context:Eighteen nursing students were recruited from two universities of Madrid, aged between 18 and 65 years old, enrolled in the fourth year of nursing studies and who were hired under a relief contract for health professionals during the pandemic.Ethical considerations:The present study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.Results:Three specific themes emerged: (a) coping with patient triage, (b) difficulties in providing end-of-life care, and (c) coping with patient death. Nursing students participated in the process of patient selection for resource allocation and ICU bed occupancy. They were shown how to care for patients who were not admitted to the ICU, in their last moments and were faced with the difficulties of applying end-of-life care. Finally, the nursing students were confronted with the death of their patients, in overwhelming numbers and under adverse conditions.Conclusions:These findings can help shed light on the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts faced by novice nursing students, incorporated into the workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it was described that students may normalize the death due to the exhaustion and overwhelmed routine. (shrink)

This study aims are to compare the characteristics of the Greek Polis of Metaponto and Poseidonia water collecting and distribution systems. And also, display the differences and similarities between the water management systems used, as to better understand the criteria developed to orientate the place of settlements and also of certain urban characteristics chosen by the Greeks, between the VIII and IV centuries B.C.

Academic leaders in management from all over the world—including recent calls by the Academy of Management Shaw (Academy of Management Journal 60(3): 819–822, 2017)—have urged further research into the extent and use of questionable research practices (QRPs). In order to provide empirical evidence on the topic of QRPs, this work presents two linked studies. Study 1 determines the level of use of QRPs based on self-admission rates and estimated prevalence among business scholars in Indonesia. It was determined that if the (...) level of QRP use identified in Study 1 was quite high, Study 2 would be conducted to follow-up on this result, and this was indeed the case. Study 2 examines the factors that encourage and discourage the use of QRPs in the sample analyzed. The main research findings are as follows: (a) in Study 1, we found the self-admission rates and estimated prevalence of business scholars’ involvement in QRPs to be quite high when compared with studies conducted in other countries and (b) in Study 2, we found pressure for publication from universities, fear of rejection of manuscripts, meeting the expectations of reviewers, and available rewards to be the main reasons for the use of QRPs in Indonesia, whereas (c) formal sanctions and prevention efforts are factors that discourage QRPs. Recommendations for stakeholders (in this case, reviewers, editors, funders, supervisors, chancellors and others) are also provided in order to reduce the use of QRPs. (shrink)

An accessible analysis of the global expansion of financial markets in poor communities, incorporating the latest thinking and evidence.

El objetivo fundamental de este artículo está dirigido a valorar las funciones de la intertextualidad en la construcción del espacio insular caribeño en WideSargasso Sea, de la escritora dominiquesa Jean Rhys. Por tal motivo se analizaron las relaciones intertextuales entre Jean Eyre, de Charlotte Brontë, y Wide Sargasso Sea, de Jea Rhys, con énfasis en la isla en tanto espacio literario presentado de manera explícita. Como resultado se pudo constatar que la principal función de la intertextualidad en dicho texto responde (...) a la intención calibanesca y desmitificadora de desmonte de los arquetipos en los que la imagen del otro ha sido construida en el discurso del poder. De igual manera, el presente análisis permite develar la riqueza de las connotaciones otorgadas en el texto al espacio isla y a sus significados añadidos. La red de significaciones encontradas refuerza su identidad cultural caribeña. (shrink)

We present the dossier “Studies of Childhood: movements, limits and frontiers”, a theme discussed in the III Brazilian Congress Childhood Studies (CEI). The Congress was organized by members of the Department of Childhood Studies (DEDI) and the Graduate Program in Education (ProPEd) of the State University of Rio de Janeiro. The articles that compose the dossier review the debates that took place during the event in the fields of education, international relations, and ethno-racial issues. In this presentation, inspired by Mario (...) Benedetti's poem “The Bridge”, we explore the power of three words to think about childhood and the relationship we establish with children: borders, strangeness and movements. How many borders do childhood and children cross into the political, cultural, social, and biological order of life? Which movements or changes do they produce, reproduce, and spread? How to destrange childhood, in the sense of challenging the actions and discursive productions that promote exclusions of various forms? Which movements – in the field of research and in society in general – are instituted to encourage the agency of childhood? Starting from the idea that both our culture and our subjectivity are constituted in the relationship between an interior and an exterior that are placed in tension, we draw on philosophy, literature, psychoanalysis, and cultural studies to explore these questions. In this dossier, the texts compose a set that dialogues with the philosophy of childhood and goes beyond conceptual and methodological limits, in the sense of making moves to understand children and childhood through their perspectives, actions, languages and positions, in an objective and subjective form. (shrink)

Sarlo expone algunos aspectos de la vida y obra de Walter Benjamin Para imbricarlos en el pensamiento contempor neo. Se ocupa tanto de la huida de Walter Benjamin del r gimen nazi y su suicidio en la frontera, como de su resistencia a los requisitos acad micos. a partir de un m todo compositivo, de una elecci n y uso at picos de los materiales, y de la relaci n entre cr tica de arte y filosof a, Sarlo propone leer (...) a este estudioso alem n. (shrink)

The contributions of the Anthropology could be significant for the Penal Law as long as some epistemological criteria could be settled down. Today we lack of these criteria or are simple outlined. This article tries to outline some of these epistemological axes that would allow a better use of th..

Este trabajo analiza la situación laboral de los trabajadores inmigrantes de origen extranjero en las áreas rurales vascas. Un escenario que se aleja en gran medida de la ruralidad más decadente y muestra un espacio social y económico dinámico. Asumiendo la motivación laboral como factor de asentamiento de la población inmigrante en este territorio, se establece un análisis estadístico comparativo entre la población inmigrante y la población local en relación con los principales indicadores de trabajo y las actividades económicas en (...) las que se insertan ambos colectivos. Los resultados reflejan una realidad laboral fragmentada, que permite identificar dos mercados de trabajo paralelos en función de su desigual vinculación con el empleo. Esta posición más inestable de la población inmigrante en los mercados de trabajo rurales los convierte en actores más frágiles y vulnerables, poniendo en peligro su capacidad de arraigo en estas zonas. (shrink)

Adolescence is a period of several changes and a time when young people are confronted with some difficult tasks of dealing with a diversity of emotions and building their own identity. Therefore, it is a period of higher vulnerability for the development of internalizing problems. The present paper aims to study some constructs considered relevant to adolescents’ adjustment and/or internalizing disorders, emphasizing the role of well-being, emotional regulation and family environment. Therefore, this research aims to test the mediating role of (...) well-being in the relationship between emotional regulation difficulties, the family environment, and internalizing problems, and understand the differences between adolescents with a higher and lower risk of presenting internalizing problems. In the study, 723 adolescents of both sexes from middle to high school completed self-report questionnaires. The results indicated that the mediating role of well-being was partially established between emotional regulation difficulties and internalizing problems, explaining 31% of the variance in these problems. Well-being was also considered a partial mediator between family environment and internalizing problems, explaining 19 and 26% of the variance, respectively. Furthermore, the group with a higher risk of developing internalizing problems revealed higher levels of emotional regulation difficulties and family conflict. In contrast, this group reported less family cohesion and support and lower levels of well-being. The main results of the present study provide relevant data in the context of clinical practice. Important implications are also discussed for the design of psychopathology prevention programs and the promotion of global well-being with adolescents. Considering the limitations of the present study, such as the nonrandom sampling process and the reduced number of participants included in the clinical group, these results need to be deepened in future research in this area. (shrink)

A partir de la propuesta de investigación participativa se indaga sobre la temática de la inclusión educativa de estudiantes con discapacidad y/o en situación de desventaja educativa; se sustenta en el paradigma social para comprender el concepto de discapacidad y, nos involucramos en esta perspectiva, para mirar al sujeto en relación al contexto y cómo el contexto determina la situación del sujeto. Sostenemos tres claves desde en el marco teórico de la educación inclusiva “presencia, participación y aprendizaje”. El objetivo desafiante (...) es lograr mayor eficacia en los procesos de aprendizaje y desarrollo del alumnado con discapacidad, procesos que exigen de educadores la comprensión de aspectos teóricos y metodológicos que fundamentan la práctica educativa cotidiana y guían la labor que despliegan con sus educandos. Sumamos la teoría socio histórica que nos brinda los fundamentos teóricos para sustentar con vehemencia que la inclusión es posible si, desde una posición de pedagogía crítica comprendemos la singularidad de la naturaleza social, histórica y cultural que abraza el hecho educativo. (shrink)

I argue that, in Plato’s Laws, demotic virtues (δημόσιαι ἀρεταί, 968a2) are the virtues that non-divine beings can attain. I consider two related questions: what demotic virtues are and how they relate to divine virtue. According to my interpretation, demotic virtues are an attainable – but unreliable – type of virtue that non-divine beings can improve through knowledge. These virtues are not perfect; only divine beings possess perfect virtue. However, this does not mean that perfect virtue plays no part in (...) the ethical lives of non-divine beings. It serves as a “regulative ideal” for everyone who is not a god. (shrink)

The text develops reflections about the appropriation of the Internet by common people, distinguishing the pragmatic possibilities of the language in the organization of social nets and in the speakers’ congregation. Two empiric cases are emphasized to discuss the aesthetic and ethical dimensions in the interactions, as well as to point communicative competences requested to the persons.

El aprendizaje cooperativo aplicado en la clase de ILE (inglés como lengua extranjera) mejora el desarrollo de habilidades fundamentales en el alumnado y la competencia lingüística. Se presenta un trabajo de experimentación comparativa exploratoria que parte de la hipótesis de que el aprendizaje cooperativo (método jigsaw) podría ser conveniente para trabajar la escritura académica. Las conclusiones corroboran esta hipótesis ya que se obtienen resultados más favorables en el grupo experimental donde se aplicó el aprendizaje cooperativo. Se discuten las implicaciones educativas (...) prácticas dirigidas a las propuestas metodológicas para mejorar la escritura académica de inglés como lengua extranjera en enseñanza universitaria. (shrink)

Esta herramienta didáctica con tecnología de realidad aumentada ha aparecido recientemente como un nuevo recurso en los últimos años. En esta investigación cualitativa pretendemos conocer qué percepciones obtienen 72 futuros docentes de Educación Infantil una vez que experimentan por sí mismos estos formatos digitales multimodales. Entre las conclusiones, consideran que el cuento de RA es una herramienta multimodal con muchas cualidades, apta para ser introducida a los infantes, jugando un papel motivador para el desarrollo de la lectura. Además, estos cuentos (...) en 3D hacen que los niños aprendan mientras se divierten. (shrink)

ARISTOTLE'S Ethics are not focused on a group of moral principles; they are developed from the affirmation of an end which subordinates all human activities. This end is sought for itself and is called "the good and the best".

Nossa intenção neste artigo é mostrar como Claude Lefort concebe a democracia como, mais do que um regime político, uma forma histórica privilegiada por ser aquela em que a sociedade se exprime politicamente sem anular um elemento fundamental para a preservação de sua liberdade: o conflito. Para tanto, partimos dos estudos lefortianos sobre Maquiavel para investigar como o autor extrai do republicanismo o sentido dessa conflitualidade fundamental e como ele vê nessa forma política a gestação de uma mutação histórica decisiva: (...) o esvaziamento do lugar do poder. (shrink)

Michel Foucault, no curso Em defesa da sociedade, explica a relação entre o biopoder e o racismo. Dentre as modalidades de racismo praticadas desde o século XIX, Foucault inclui o socialismo, sendo que neste há um racismo de tipo evolucionista, biológico, que funciona plenamente em relação aos doentes mentais, aos criminosos, aos adversários políticos etc., que foi necessário sempre que o socialismo teve de insistir no problema da luta contra o inimigo e da eliminação do adversário no interior da sociedade (...) capitalista, e apareceu porque foi a única maneira, nesse caso, de pensar uma razão para matar o adversário. Por outro lado, Maurice Merleau-Ponty publicou, em 1947, o livro Humanismo e Terror, no qual invoca o problema da violência praticada pela União Soviética, pondo em evidência a teoria e a prática da violência pelo regime comunista. Para Merleau-Ponty, quando se vive numa época em que a base tradicional de uma sociedade se destrói e o homem deve reconstruí-la e reconstruir também as relações humanas, a liberdade de cada um desaparece e a violência aparece. Isso seria como foi o princípio do comunismo, com Lênin. O que Merleau-Ponty questiona é se a violência praticada em 1947 pelo mesmo regime tem o mesmo sentido que tinha no leninismo. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se há e quais são os pontos de toque entre a visão foucaultiana do racismo de Estado praticado pela URSS e a violência revolucionária identificada por Merleau-Ponty na mesma URSS. (shrink)

Zadie Smith’s latest novel, NW, presents a multiverse in which multiplicity is driven into homogeneization by the forces of those dominant discourses that attempt to suppress the category of the “Other.” This paper focuses on the development of the two female protagonists. Their opposing attitudes towards motherhood, together with their confrontation with their origins, bring to the fore the performativity found in the discourses of gender, sexuality, class, and race. Thus, this paper will explore authenticity and performativity in a contemporary (...) context, where patriarchal and neocolonial discourses still apply. (shrink)

BackgroundCurrently, most people who might need mental health care services do not receive them due to a number of reasons. Many of these reasons can be overcome by telepsychology, in other words, the use of ICT technologies for therapy ; given that it facilitates access to specialized interventions. In fact, telepsychology is currently offered as an active service in many psychotherapy centers. However, its usage, how it is perceived, and who uses it are still largely unknown.ObjectiveThe aim of this study (...) was to determine if any pattern exists in the usage of telepsychology and face-to-face psychology, to clarify people’s perception of telepsychology in terms of the advantages, barriers and efficacy of online psychotherapy, and to examine usage patterns in terms of individual characteristics and identify patients’ profiles.MethodsAn online survey was conducted on a convenience sample of 514 subjects recluted by using an online advertisement. The inclusion criteria were: to be older than 18 years old and to answer completely the questionnaire. Cluster analysis, ANOVAs, and discriminant analysis were performed to test our research objectives.ResultsThree usage clusters were found: face-to-face psychotherapy ; non-therapy ; and combined face-to-face psychotherapy and telepsychology. In addition, the perception of telepsychology varied among usage clusters, but a common perception emerged about the main telepsychology advantages, barriers and efficacy. Finally, the results showed that personal characteristics differentiated people in each of these clusters.ConclusionThe most common form of access to psychotherapy is the face-to-face form but the second way of delivery was a combination between face to face and online psychotherapy. People who combine face to face with online psychotherapy perceives this last as more efficient and with less barriers to access. Finally, some characteristic as eHealth experience and sociodemographic variables can help to identify people that will attend telepsychology initiatives. These clusters provide insight into opportunities for face-to-face and online patient engagement strategies. (shrink)

El ensayo procura explicar la noción de experiencia en el arte desde la filosofia hermenéutica. Para ello desarrolla los siguienres pasos: 1. Su temporalidad como una experiencia de la actualidad en el encuentro de los interlocutores, la obra de arte y el receptor. 2. La importancia de la conversación como modelo para el encuentro. 3. El reconocimiento y la apertura de un horizonte de sentido. Esta experiencia es un acomecimiento que lo cambia a uno mismo e implica por lo tanto (...) una atención especial a la representación, ejecución o realización de la obra de arte. (shrink)

En reseña de:Juana María Gil Ruiz, Las nuevas técnicas legislativas en España. Los Informes de Evaluación de Impacto de Género, Editorial Tirant Lo Blanch,Valencia, 2012.

RESUMEN El proceso de duelo ante la pérdida de un ser querido es un fenómeno complejo. Diversas teorizaciones se han propuesto para explicarlo. Para entenderlas es necesario situarse por encima de la sistematicidad, del orden lógico pre-establecido por la razón. No hacerlo puede simplificar la comprensión de las vivencias de los dolientes, quienes han perdido a un ser querido. Este artículo propone revisar la teoría del duelo de Elisabeth Kübler-Ross apoyándose en la concepción del lenguaje de Ludwig Wittgenstein. La conjunción (...) tanatología y filosofía permitirá una comprensión profunda de la complejidad entrañada en el dolor ante la muerte de quien se. (shrink)

El artículo se refiere a la trayectoria de Richard Strauss, con especial mención de su obra operística sobre personajes mitológicos y míticos. Se destacan sus óperas Salomé y Electra como muestra de la innovación que introduce en el lenguaje musical, que preanuncia la revolución atonal experimentada en la música en los comienzos del s. XX. Se mencionan sus óperas de producción anterior, de corte wagneriano, y las posteriores, en un lenguaje novedoso, si bien más acorde con el sonido tonal de (...) la tradición austrogermana, y referidas a personajes de la Antigüedad y a la tradición oriental. This article deals with Richard Strauss's opera production based on mythological and mythical characters. Namely, we focus on the analysis of both of his well known operas, Salomé and Elektra, as innovative pieces of art which foreboded atonality, the greatest musical innovation of the XXth Century. We also review Strauss's former opera production, characterized by a Wagnerian influence, and his later works, more in the line of the tonal austrogermanic musical tradition, with characters of Greek mythology and of the oriental tradition. (shrink)